"Product sales, primarily the sale of TPU systems." "options requiring us to repurchase the hardware and embedded software at pre-set prices, over a multi-year term" "we do not believe counterparties have an economic incentive to exercise their option"
"maintain the target range for the federal funds rate at 3-3/4 to 4 percent" "Economic activity is expanding at a strong pace." "The accumulation of more information will help the Committee determine the policy stance" "preferred to raise the target range for the federal funds rate by 1/4 percentage point"
"perpetual, parabolic growth in both AI revenues and AI capex" "corporate equities accounted for 37.9% of all household wealth in Q2 2026" "around $22 billion in non-OpenAI/Anthropic compute spend globally"
"the most likely path in the medium term is one of moderation." "raising rates six days before the midterm elections would be foolhardy to say the least." "there seems little reason to fear that supply-shock driven inflation is morphing into something more sinister."
"The Consumer Price Index news release for September 2026 is scheduled to be published on Wednesday, October 14, 2026, at 8:30 a.m. (ET)." "The index for gasoline rose 3.9 percent in August, accounting for over one third of the monthly all items increase."
"a basket of 42 AI stocks accounts for 60%-80% of all S&P earnings growth, price returns and capital spending since Jan 2024" "net interest costs are still at an all-time low share of corporate profits" "measuring private credit stress is both art and science"
"policymakers could signal where they are likely headed while acknowledging that there is no fixed final destination." "For at least the near term, policy will be focused on the inflation side of our mandate."
"it is appropriate for the Bank to raise the policy interest rate and adjust the degree of monetary accommodation" "it is not appropriate for the Bank to raise the policy interest rate at this time" "it is difficult to determine conclusively whether underlying CPI inflation has reached 2 percent"
"I see upside risks to inflation." "I will start by acknowledging that inflation has been too high for too long." "We do not have the luxury of considering each of these shocks in isolation." "My colleagues and I will need to come to our own judgment, which may take more time."
沃勒的主張是 AI 在擴大經濟數據使用的同時,也讓「可信的數據來源」更重要。他把 FRED 定位為聯準會最大的公共財,說它的價值在於以統一、可靠的方式轉送各機關的數據,沒有商業利益。AI 的好處是更快找出、摘要與視覺化數據,並把受眾擴及一般人;但它與過去的技術不同,會自己生成內容,可能產生幻覺、帶入偏見、隱藏假設,也可能誤標出處或把相關當因果。他報告 FRED 流量目前年增約 150%、約一半造訪來自 AI 代理人,管理者無法確認代理人是否正確歸屬來源,但也說代理人在描述圖表與解釋概念上大致準確。FRED 的因應是推出 FRED MCP Connector、替 AI 調整呈現方式,並串接 FRASER 與 ALFRED;他並宣布之後會把使用者查詢部分理事會數據的需求導向 FRED。本站轉述官方講稿,不評論其對數據產業或政策的影響。
原文重點(English)
"I consider FRED to be the greatest public good that we have ever created." "AI can hallucinate, introduce bias, and hide key assumptions, often with confidence and polish." "Already about half of visits to FRED are from AI agents retrieving data"
FRED 收錄逾 85 萬個數據序列,2025 年有 1,800 萬名不重複使用者FRED 流量目前年增約 150%,多數成長來自 AI 與機器人約一半的造訪是 AI 代理人取用數據;FRED 管理者無法確認代理人是否正確歸屬來源FRED 推出 FRED MCP Connector,讓使用者以自選的 AI 代理人查詢數據宣布之後使用者查詢部分聯準會理事會數據時,會被導向 FRED(講稿未說明範圍與時程)
"inflation has been too high for too long" "I view risks to my inflation forecast as tilted to the upside" "any future adjustments in policy should be determined by carefully examining trends in the data" "I will continue to assess whether underlying trends suggest that inflation will return to target with sufficient speed"
"From the same month one year ago, the PCE price index for August increased 3.4 percent. Excluding food and energy, the PCE price index increased 3.0 percent from one year ago." "The revisions for estimates of personal income and outlays begin with January 2021."
他把 AI 在支付的討論分成兩塊。跨境支付方面,他認為打擊非法金流是 AI 提升效率與安全最清楚的例子之一,大型語言模型能提高制裁與反洗錢比對的準確度,並預期它是輔助而非取代傳統的異常偵測;資安上他承認 AI 可能讓攻擊更多更精密,也指出攻防不對稱,所以業界要審慎地用 AI 強化防禦。代理商務方面,他說這個領域仍在早期,區分「代理協助」與「代理授權」兩種模式,認為最大障礙是買賣雙方的信任:認證要從證明買家是授權付款人轉為證明代理人有權代付,責任歸屬與詐欺模型也需要重新設計。他最後點出平台專屬對互通標準、開放對封閉系統兩個尚無定論的問題,並說因應這個時刻需要在創新與支付信任之間取得平衡的主動做法。
原文重點(English)
"Combating illicit finance is one of the clearest examples of where AI can drive efficiency and security gains." "Liability in this context comes down to a pretty simple question: Who is on the hook if an agent makes the wrong purchase?" "At this early stage, it is not clear which model will have the edge in shaping agentic commerce"
2026-09-29・出處:聯準會官方講稿《Payments in the Age of AI Agents》全文(Sibos 2026 年會演說)・聯準會官方講稿,無商業銷售利害。這場演說談的是支付與金融科技的監管關切與業界議題,不涉及貨幣政策決策,但具投票權理事對 AI 與代理商務的看法,可能被市場拿去推論聯準會對支付創新的態度,應視為政策訊號而非中性描述。講稿註 1 聲明所述為其個人看法,不必然代表理事會或 FOMC 其他成員。內容為 2026-09-29 當時的判斷。
"I count only two months of data consistent with 2 percent core PCE inflation over the past 20 months." "Risks to achieving our inflation target have increased, while risks to the labor market have receded" "In my base case, further policy adjustments are likely to be needed to ensure inflation comes down to target in a timely fashion." "In my view, it is too early to know if these dynamics are in play right now." "What is clear right now is that inflation is too high." "across the economy there is little evidence of significant displacement so far" "Interrogating assumptions and exploring scenarios will remain crucial as we grapple with the implications of this technology in the years ahead."
她把 AI 對經濟的影響拆成三個時間尺度來談。短期,她認為 AI 似乎在替經濟增添通膨壓力、讓通膨回到 2% 目標的時間往後延:除了 AI 商品本身漲價,資料中心用到的營建人力與能源也可能把壓力帶到其他部門,電力與水費近一年各漲約 5%。中期,她預期生產力成長可能小幅緩和物價壓力,但來不及抵銷今年稍後的壓力,而勞動市場有進入痛苦轉換期的風險;她同時強調目前失業率與裁員仍低,證據顯示 AI 對勞動市場結構的改變有限,只在寫程式、口譯等部分領域,以及年輕畢業生求職這一塊出現跡象。長期,她樂觀認為 AI 帶動的生產力成長能提升全體美國人的生活水準,並指出近半數小型雇主已使用 AI。她也說明自己與 FOMC 其他成員一起投票同意九月升息 25 個基點,理由是通膨太高太久,後續調整幅度與次數將依數據決定。
原文重點(English)
"AI is poised to become the most significant technological shift of our lifetime." "In the short term, AI appears to be adding inflationary pressures to the economy, postponing inflation's return to our 2 percent target." "At the moment, there is limited evidence that AI is yielding significant changes to the structure of the labor market." "In the long term, I am optimistic that AI-fueled productivity growth can raise living standards for all Americans."
2026-09-28・出處:聯準會官方講稿《An Update on AI and the Economy》全文(奧克蘭科技週開幕主題演講)・聯準會官方講稿,無商業銷售利害。但這是具 FOMC 投票權的理事談 AI 如何影響通膨與就業,並說明自己的升息立場,發言本身即政策工具,對 AI 推升物價與生產力時間差的判讀可能被市場拿去推論政策傾向,應視為政策訊號而非中性描述。講稿註 1 另聲明所述為其個人看法,不必然代表理事會或 FOMC 其他成員。內容為 2026-09-28 當時的資料與判斷。
"underlying CPI inflation is likely to be at a level that is generally consistent with the price stability target." "the pace of policy interest rate hikes could be faster than market expectations" "it could no longer be said that \"the risk of waiting was marginal,\"" "the specific pace and timing of policy interest rate hikes could not be fixed in advance"
"QE was always intended to be a temporary monetary policy stimulus." "the remaining £368bn of gilts should be unwound at an annual average pace of £46bn by the end of 2034" "there could be a case for increasing Bank Rate"
2026-09-28・出處:英國央行官方講稿《Quantitative tightening: the next chapter》全文(與貨幣、總經與金融學會共同主辦之演說)・英國央行官方講稿,無商業銷售利害。他是負責市場與銀行業務的副總裁,也是 MPC 委員,既參與 Bank Rate 與縮表決議的表決,又分管央行資產負債表,講稿因此兼有決策者說明與執行者規劃兩種身分。講稿前半多為 MPC 集體決議與英國央行執行單位的安排,他在文中標明哪些是個人看法,尤其是最後一節談 Bank Rate 的部分;賣債改為賣給政府的做法仍待財政部同意。內容為 2026-09-28 當時的判斷。
"In my view, given changes to the economy, we were out of position, and we made an adjustment in the right direction." "In my base case, further policy adjustments are likely to be needed to ensure inflation comes down to target in a timely fashion." "A major force driving high home prices is a shortage of supply relative to demand."
"By providing banks with a reliable source of liquidity, the discount window serves as a shock absorber during periods of market stress by reducing the risk of forced sales of Treasury securities." "Today, over 60 percent of discount window loan requests are submitted through DWD." "we have recently seen more use of the discount window amid periods associated with temporary upward pressure on money market rates, such as those observed at quarter-ends."
"I don’t believe that the Federal Reserve should have raised interest rates last week." "This anomaly is unlikely to last as the core PCE-CPI gap is highly mean-reverting."
"Together, these rules reduce SCB volatility by half without materially changing aggregate levels of required capital." "Because these exercises would serve principally as forward-looking supervisory tools, their results would not be made public."
"Our supervisory staff knew, or should have known, about these vulnerabilities as early as March 2022." "Staff believed it was personally safer to take no action unless they were certain the action was exactly right."
"The Bank will encourage the uncollateralized overnight call rate to remain at around 1.25 percent." "underlying CPI inflation has been approaching 2 percent" "the Bank will continue to raise the policy interest rate and adjust the degree of monetary accommodation"
"raise the target range for the federal funds rate by 1/4 percentage point to 3-3/4 to 4 percent" "Inflation remains elevated." "Today's policy action will support a timelier return to the Committee's 2 percent goal." "domestic spending has been resilient"
"production and supply grew steadily, employment and prices were generally stable, foreign trade witnessed rapid growth." "The domestic imbalance between strong supply and weak demand is still acute."
他把這波全球公債賣壓定性為基本面驅動:美、英、德、日四大市場殖利率同步走到數十年高點、從長端到政策利率預期全面走高,而 7 月以來的實現與隱含波動都偏低,很難用技術性賣壓解釋。成因是四層疊加——疫後居高不下的赤字、愈來愈靠債市融資的 AI 資本支出、主要經濟體的成長韌性,以及伊朗戰事推升的能源價格——這些借款需求在搶同一池全球儲蓄,市場靠拉高利率出清。美國財政部加大長債買回只是縮短債務期限的流動性操作,英國 DMO 減發 30 年期的經驗顯示改不了殖利率的宏觀水準。要讓殖利率回頭,得用一個基本面打敗另一個基本面:短期看能源價格能否回落,中期看 AI 投資週期能否從借款期順利過渡到收成期、財政是否轉向;若央行因通膨耐心用盡而升息,曲線會趨平、長端未必更高。他認為兩到四年視野下,五年期殖利率往下的空間比往上大。
原文重點(English)
"it doesn't look obvious that there's a single driver or a single market that is really leading the sell-off" "it's going to take a fundamental to beat a fundamental" "What it didn't do was change the macro price of the bond or the level of the yields"
"To complete the normalization of monetary policy in Japan, I am convinced that the Bank needs to raise the policy interest rate further, so that it falls solidly within the estimated range of the neutral interest rate" "I therefore believe the negative real interest rate situation should be addressed as soon as possible, since Japan's economy is no longer in deflation." "what is most vital from now on is to ensure that the underlying inflation rate does not significantly exceed 2 percent."
"We forecast oil production in the Middle East will rise in the coming months because of gradually increasing flows through the Strait of Hormuz and the use of alternative routes out of the region" "more volatility in short-term price movements than our forecast indicates"
"Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 162,000 in August, higher than the average monthly gain of 31,000 over the prior 12 months." "The labor force participation rate edged up to 61.6 percent in August but is down by 0.5 percentage point since January."
"Septembers have tended to see more volatility than the average month." "Markets are pricing a roughly two out of three chance of a rate hike at the September 16th meeting." "The level of expected volatility across many markets, particularly interest rate and foreign exchange markets, remains unusually low."
"If inflation continues to come down, then the Fed is going to be content to do nothing in terms of policy." "Tariffs will pass through to the US consumer almost entirely, but it's a one-off shock." "I think Warsh is setting himself up for an easy win here."
"The goods and services deficit was $88.6 billion in July, up $17.4 billion from $71.2 billion in June, revised." "Computers increased $6.9 billion. Computer accessories increased $6.6 billion."
"If this continues in the data due over the next two weeks, I would be inclined to support holding the target for the federal funds rate at its current setting." "If the incoming data for August show this improvement has been fleeting, then it may be appropriate to raise the policy rate when the FOMC meets on September 15 and 16." "I judge that policy is currently only slightly restricting aggregate demand, and it may not take much acceleration in inflation to nudge me into supporting tighter policy." "The key point here is that this it is not a commitment to a policy action - it is a conditional policy statement."
"I believe, however, that 2026 represents a regime change where rate hikes will not be carried out at a fixed pace but will instead be conducted in a nimble and data-dependent manner" "These four factors could contribute to generating potential second-round effects." "the Bank should not aim to reach the expected neutral interest rate, nor should it be bound by particular intervals or ranges anticipated in the markets."
"The degree of bond market functioning from your company's viewpoint" "The outlook for newly issued JGB yields at each following point" "The probability distribution forecast of the newly issued 10-year JGB yield"
"it is a very strange labor market" "If higher prices for goods and services don't flow through to higher compensation, it is impossible for the economy to generate a price-wage spiral."
機構研究Loretta Mester(梅斯特)・主持 Matthew Luzzetti、Matthew Raskin德意志銀行研究部《Podzept・Macro MATTers》・來賓為前克里夫蘭聯準銀行總裁(2014–2024)政策解讀
德意志銀行研究部的 Fed 任務小組系列第三集,請來 2014–2024 年的克里夫蘭聯準銀行總裁 Mester 談「通膨框架」任務小組。她的主線有三條。第一,2% 目標現在不能動:她說在通膨已經連續五年高於目標的當下改目標,看起來就像比賽中途搬動球門;她希望任務小組做的是重申 2%,頂多討論在點目標外加一個「操作區間」當溝通工具,而且那也要等回到 2% 之後。第二,通膨預期穩定不是可以放心的理由:她認為長期預期之所以穩,正是因為市場相信聯準會會把通膨壓回 2%,把它當成外生的、因此不必處理通膨問題,是看反了;等預期開始鬆動就已經太遲。第三,供給衝擊「看穿」的老規則不再成立:過去假設供給衝擊少、短、會自己消退,所以貨幣政策可以不理;她說現在衝擊更頻繁、拖更久、會疊加,聯準會得重新想在這種世界該怎麼反應。談到 AI,她說設備類通膨已經在往上走,在通膨高於 2% 已久的環境裡很可能變成另一個廣泛通膨的來源;而就算 AI 長期帶來生產力與反通膨,也不代表利率可以降——潛在成長率抬高會把均衡實質利率一起抬高,名目利率反而可能得往上。她也承認疫後那次不只是供給問題,FOMC 當時低估了財政與貨幣政策有多寬鬆,是傳統的需求誤判。
原文重點(English)
"…it's going to look a little bit like changing the goalposts in the middle of the game." "I think when they start moving and when they start to become unanchored, it's kind of too late." "So it could very well be that nominal rates have to go up because the equilibrium real rate is going up."
"Unless underlying inflation is moving to our objective, clearly and at sufficient speed … we have work to do." "While this summer's inflation readings were better than expected, they do not tell me that underlying inflation trends have meaningfully improved." "I would be hard-pressed to describe broad financial conditions as restrictive." "Price stability is not self-executing, nor is inflation necessarily mean-reverting."
關鍵句在金融環境而非通膨數字:「我很難把當前的整體金融環境形容為緊縮」市場據此解讀為九月會議討論升息已在檯面上2% 的 PCE 目標被定調為「堅定且固定」(firm and fixed)九月會議前幾天公布的八月 CPI 將是關鍵變數(十二位票委)華許以七項原則界定任期方向;短期利率為達成雙重使命的主要工具
"I believe we are entering a phase where we will also need to bear in mind the possibility of underlying inflation exceeding 2 percent" "the rate hike is an adjustment in the degree of monetary accommodation, not a tightening."
"From the same month one year ago, the PCE price index for July increased 3.7 percent. Excluding food and energy, the PCE price index increased 3.3 percent from one year ago." "The 2026 annual updates of national, industry, and regional data will begin on the same day for the first time: September 30, 2026."
"price pressures appeared broad based" "the information that would accumulate in the intermeeting period could provide more clarity" "policy tightening would likely be necessary if inflation did not decline" "AI developments could disappoint, leading to a significant repricing of stocks"
機構研究Oscar Pulido(主持)與 Stevie Manns(製作人)BlackRock《The Bid》・節錄 Tom Donilon、Jean Boivin、Vivek Paul 等 BlackRock 主管中性框架
這一集不是新訪談,而是主持人與製作人把 2026 上半年十集節目串成一條故事線:Davos 那集 Tom Donilon 說 2025–2026 是全球秩序的「樞紐時刻」;Will Su 把 AI 講成電力、算力與資本的實體故事;Ibrahim Kanaan 指出標普 500 前十大成分股佔指數約四成、是史上最集中;Vivek Paul 說通膨穩定、政策運作方式、政府負債與財政路徑這些沿用幾十年的總經錨點「不再以同樣方式撐住」;Jean Boivin 用「polyfurcation」形容沒有單一基準情境、得同時追蹤多個劇本的不確定性。本站整理:與利率與通膨直接相關的只有 Vivek Paul 那一段,整集主軸是「準備多種版本的未來,而不是預測」,BlackRock 用它來論證分散不能再假設、配置要更動態也更細顆粒。
原文重點(English)
"A hinge point when really the tectonic plates geopolitically and in terms of economics really do change." "This is the most concentrated that the S&P has ever been." "It's not the same environment that we have had in the past." "You need to handle multiple scenarios always and keep track of them." "Prepare for different versions of it."
"it is appropriate for the Bank to keep the policy interest rate unchanged at this meeting" "it could be considered that the pace of policy interest rate hikes will be faster than market expectations" "The focus of monetary policy has shifted from \"lifting underlying CPI inflation to 2 percent\" to \"avoiding further upward deviation in underlying CPI inflation.\"" "Regarding the outlook for the CPI, risks are skewed to the upside."
"my assessment is simple: Inflation is too high." "As such, I am prepared to act by raising rates, if necessary." "Some disinflationary forces are already in play, which could push inflation toward our target without a rate increase." "If I do not see signs of continued disinflation soon, I am prepared to act." "while we might be able to afford to wait for longer in a different environment, we do not have that luxury in this one."
2026-08・出處:The Diary Of A CEO 訪談・獨立科技評論者,經營付費電子報並主持 podcast(Better Offline)。他的內容事業本身建立在「生成式 AI 是泡沫」這個主張上——立場與其生計方向一致。無資產管理商品利害,他自述未持有市場部位、目前持現金(訪談中所述),非空頭部位。
"This has been a sort of rotation without a kind of wider reversal." "Central banks have been very quick to signal that they're not going to take any chances with inflation." "The new chairman of the Federal Reserve … has really been significantly more hawkish than people might have anticipated." "They now see them more likely to rise, which is a view we'd subscribe to."
"now would be a suitable time for a rate hike" "the real interest rate on Taiwan's one-year time deposits turned negative, pointing to a potentially overly loose policy stance" "When driven by supply-side factors, monetary policy is less effective" "should the Bank raise interest rates at this juncture, low-income households would bear a disproportionately heavy burden"
"Treasury finds that no major trading partner met all three criteria under the 2015 Act during the four quarters ending December 2025." "Taiwan's extremely large current account surplus further increased during the Report period, driven primarily by elevated global demand for technology products."
科技股回檔的成因他拆成兩層:半導體今年報酬太強,獲利了結本來就會發生;而南韓等市場的本地投資人用了高槓桿進場,槓桿解除時把跌幅放大。但他強調股價跌不等於技術失敗。最值得看的是他描述的企業端轉變——「從 CTO 到 CFO」:早期是技術長推動人人試用、按人頭收費;現在成本按 token 累積上來,財務長進場要求理性,於是高階昂貴模型被收斂到高價值任務(前沿研發),一般員工改用便宜的大眾化模型。他的比喻是「你不需要開 F1 賽車去雜貨店」。加上中國模型便宜、開源、易客製,全球企業正在分散,連美國最大的科技業者都可能得調整商業模式與資本支出計畫。但他認為這對半導體不是壞消息:個別 AI 服務商的變現有問題,整體生態卻在擴大,算力需求與「誰提供」無關。
原文重點(English)
From CTO to CFO: high-end expensive models are being reserved for high-value tasks such as cutting-edge R&D, while everyday employees are shifted to cheaper and more mass-market models. "You do not need a Formula 1 car just to get to a grocery store." Just because stock prices are dropping, it does not mean that the technology is failing.
這篇不是對某次會議的表態,而是把決策當下的判斷程序攤開。他的框架是:先判斷衝擊最初打在需求面還是供給面,再看它是短暫還是持續;產出缺口把「需求相對於供給」總結成一個量。當衝擊把產出缺口與通膨推往同一方向,兩項使命一致、政策方向不難決定;推往相反方向時才有取捨,而他的判準是兩側偏離長期目標的相對成本與風險平衡——通膨預期若有脫錨之虞,就對通膨那一側反應更強;通膨壓力若沒有加劇、預期仍穩固,優先處理就業與產出的下行風險可能才是審慎的。至於什麼時候可以不反應,條件在時間差:政策有落差,衝擊若預期會在政策生效前自行反轉,看過去它可能是適當的。他接著把這套框架套在當前兩個重疊的衝擊上——中東衝突部分屬供給衝擊,但因美國已是石油淨出口國、石油密集度下降,他預期對需求的壓抑溫和;AI 則對供需兩側都有持續影響,誰先到決定通膨往哪個方向走,而對中性利率 r* 存在兩股方向相反的力量(投資需求上行 vs 所得不均擴大增加儲蓄)。他在結尾補上一句條件:若通膨沒有很快開始降溫,重新檢視當前政策立場可能是適當的。
原文重點(English)
"One simple, yet effective conceptual framework policymakers can use to classify shocks is to determine whether their initial effect is on the demand side or the supply side of the economy." "If a shock is expected to reverse before monetary policy can take effect, looking through it may be the appropriate approach." "the economic shock from AI is likely to have persistent effects on both supply and demand." "in a scenario where actual inflation does not start to cool down soon, I believe that it could be appropriate to reconsider our current policy stance."
"the risks from high inflation concern me more at this time." "The balance of risks has teetered toward the inflation mandate." "Going forward, though, I believe the risks continue to be strongly weighted toward higher inflation for at least two reasons." "If we do not see signs of disinflation soon, I am prepared to act."
"The members of our Committee have no tolerance for persistently elevated inflation. And we share a resolute commitment to restoring price stability." "We have a duty to point the institution forward—to take a fresh look at current practices to make sure we are serving our objectives."
他刻意不預測,而是把兩組情境並排。往擴大不均的那一邊有兩條機制:一是勞動取代——過去幾波技術浪潮的好處多流向高技能者,而這一波連年輕大學畢業生都可能受影響,因為他們的技能更容易被複製;聯準會家庭經濟決策調查顯示研究所學歷者上月用過 AI 的比率是 43%、高中以下只有 10%,用得多、用得起先進模型的人可能拿走最多。二是市場集中——AI 仰賴資料、模型與算力,具規模與範疇經濟,而且 AI 本身就是加速開發下一代 AI 的工具,他說領先者的優勢幅度可能是前所未見的。往縮小不均的那一邊也有兩條:一是能力普及,他引的實驗顯示 AI 讓同一批作業的完成時間縮短 40%、品質提高 18%,而且原本表現最差的人進步最多;二是新職業,他用美國約 1,200 萬名全職社群創作者當例子,並提醒勞動市場不是零和。他同時把現況的證據講明:到目前為止幾乎沒有證據顯示 AI 造成全經濟範圍的職位取代,有的只是部分職類年輕人更難入行的跡象。決定走哪一邊的不是技術本身,而是教育與在職訓練(他認為只練 AI 技能不夠,常識與人的判斷力才是關鍵)以及市場結構(競爭讓好處擴散,但競爭本身不保證平均)。
原文重點(English)
"AI has the potential to transform lives and the U.S. economy, possibly empowering workers to be more productive, with lower- and middle-income workers benefiting the most." "Since we don’t know which of these futures will come about, it is useful to use potential scenarios." "As of right now, there has been little evidence of economy-wide job displacement from AI." "the extent of the advantage possessed by AI industry leaders may prove to be unprecedented." "future inequality will depend not only on what AI can do, but on what we choose to do with AI."
"So I feel the real side of the economy is in good shape. But I believe inflation and monetary policy are at a crossroads." "There are three factors that every survey notes and every conversation I have with business contacts echoes—tariffs, energy prices, and spillovers from demand for the AI buildout." "Sternly staring at inflation until it melts before our withering gaze is not an option." "If we get another hot reading on core inflation this week, then the FOMC will need to consider tightening monetary policy in the near term."
2026-07-13・出處:聯準會官方講稿《Monetary Policy at a Crossroads》全文(紐約商業經濟學會演說)・聯準會官方講稿,無商業銷售利害。但這是一位具投票權的 FOMC 成員在六月 CPI 公布前一天公開自己的決策條件,發言本身即政策工具,用詞鬆緊會影響市場對後續會議的定價,應視為政策訊號而非中性描述。講稿註 1 聲明所述為其個人看法,不必然代表理事會或 FOMC 其他成員。內容為 2026-07-13 當時的資料與判斷。
官方文件Philip R. Lane(連恩)歐洲央行執行委員會委員中性框架
AI 到底會不會推升通膨?他的答案跟直覺相反:取決於人們多快相信這是永久的。若家庭與企業立刻認定 AI 帶來的是永久性生產力提升、把未來所得增加提前反映在現在的支出上,轉型初期就會從需求端把通膨推上去。但他認為那個前提不成立——沒有人能精確知道生產力衝擊的性質、規模與持續多久。更合理的設定是邊走邊學、慢慢調整支出,理由有二:一是習慣形成(過去的消費水準決定當下消費的滿足感),二是每個人對「AI 會怎麼影響我的所得與工作」有極高的個體不確定性。結論是前期的通膨壓力會比理論預期弱得多。(歐洲央行 ChaMP 研究網絡閉幕會議晚宴演說,羅馬)
基準情境:把 AI 視為永久提高生產力與所得的衝擊若立刻內化為永久性 → 轉型早期就從需求端推升通膨他認為該前提不現實:無人能精確知道衝擊的性質、規模與持續性兩個讓消費反應變慢的機制:習慣形成模型、個體所得與就業的高度不確定性結論:邊走邊學 → 前期通膨效應「大幅減弱」(strongly diminished)
2026-06-25・出處:The Diary Of A CEO 訪談・GMO 是資產管理業者(官網自述 Investment and Asset Management),其長期配置主張即「避開高估值美股、轉向價值與非美市場」——本篇看空美股的結論與其產品定位方向一致。另:他長年公開預測泡沫,紀錄有對有錯,本站不代為評價其命中率。
官方文件Michael S. Barr(巴爾)美國聯準會理事審慎
他說過去一年半,聯準會與其他銀行監理機關透過壓力測試、槓桿比率、美國版巴塞爾協定 III 與全球系統性重要銀行附加資本等提案,讓最大型銀行的資本要求合計降低 6%、約 600 億美元;監理評等被放寬成「成績灌水」,要求限期改善的事項減半,而流動性要求可能是下一個被放寬的項目——合起來是全球金融危機以來規模最大的一次銀行監理鬆綁。他用買保險比喻:鬆綁在短期像糖分衝高,但危機的帳單遠大於省下的保費,而資本要求偏低的代價遠高於偏高。他也反對以「讓銀行與非銀行競爭」為由放鬆銀行,認為該加強管理的是非銀行的高風險做法。
原文重點(English)
"Reducing financial regulation is effectively reducing insurance against risk, and I fear that we are becoming underinsured." "And when the bill comes due, we will all pay the price."
2026-06-06・出處:聯準會官方講稿《Deregulating in a Financial Boom: What Could Go Wrong?》全文・聯準會官方講稿,無商業銷售利害。但巴爾是這一輪監理鬆綁的反對方:他在 2022–2025 年擔任監理副主席、主導了這些規則原本的方向,對其後各項適用大型銀行的放寬決定都投下反對票,本演說是為自己的異議立場說明理由,屬政策倡議而非中性評估。「資本要求合計降 6%」是他的估算;推動改革的一方(見鮑曼 09-18 演說)則表示,壓力測試兩項規則不會實質改變整體資本水準。講稿註 1 另聲明所述為其個人看法。
名家觀點Scott Galloway紐約大學商學院教授看空估值
AI 會改變世界,但股東未必賺得到錢——要撐住估值,五年內要生出一兆美元 AI 增量營收,否則估值砍五到七成;就業末日論不成立。
美國失業率 4.5%、放射科職缺不減反增S&P 500 四成與 AI 連動他自估 AI 步噴射機後塵機率三分之一